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The Medallic Art of James Earle Fraser by Carl Honoré |
The Navy Cross is the second highest decoration awarded to the Medal of Honor for the Navy and Marine Corps. The design is quite a simple one actually. The central figure is a ship, a caravel superimposed on a large cross. The reverse is a shield of crossed anchors and the USN interposed. Though enacted by congress in 1919, the style of the cross is something mid 17th century with the caravel set in the center. The actual medal is made in three pieces. The cross is in the middle with the two shields soldered to either side. It is anodized with a bronze finish. James Earle Fraser was a student of Augustus St. Gaudens and therefore a student of representative symbolism. Among those schooled in this discipline were Harmon MacNeil, and Adolph Weinman. All were designers of U.S. Coins and all had created prominent sculptures. All of these men used this discipline in their coin designs, though Fraser in an interesting irony, stuck more to actual models in his buffalo nickel design. Fraser instead used this discipline when he designed the World War I victory medal. Here, his debt to Augustus St. Gaudens is clear. The obverse figure of victory is seen as almost a biblical figure of an angel with sword drawn and shield with rays. In some ways it is in stark contrast to St. Gauden's ideal of victory on his double eagle with the angel holding the olive branch of peace instead of a sword. The reverse features a double sided faces on top of a shield with a list of the countries who participated in this, the first between nations in the modern era. |